Fig. 1
From: Causal relationship between dietary salt intake and dementia risk: Mendelian randomization study
Design flow chart in the MR study. MR assumptions: assumption 1, 2, and 3. Solid line represents direct causal effects that genetic instrument variants are reliably associated with dietary salt intake levels and influence the dementia risk through the dietary salt intake in assumption 1. The dotted line represents that dietary salt genetic instrument variants are not associated with any measured or unmeasured confounders and do not influence the risk of dementia through other pathways in assumptions 2 and 3, respectively